Learn jyotiṣa
A primer on reading a chart, from the classical texts

These pages explain what a chart is. They cover the nine grahas, the twelve signs and houses, the 27 nakṣatras, the divisional charts, strength, daśās, yogas and transits, and how to put them together. Each page explains the topic in plain English, then gives the verses it rests on.

Methods

This section explains how each method on the board works and how to read a chart with it, starting with which to use for what.

1What a chart is

A chart records where the grahas stood among the twelve sidereal signs at the moment and place of birth.

2The nine grahas

The nine grahas are the bodies whose positions make up a chart. The word graha means “seizer”.

3The twelve rāśis

The rāśis are the twelve signs, each 30° wide. Each sign has a quality, an element, a lord and a part of the body.

4The twelve bhāvas

The bhāvas are the twelve houses counted from the lagna. Each covers an area of a person’s life.

5The 27 nakṣatras

The nakṣatras are 27 lunar mansions of 13°20′ each. They are older than the twelve signs. The daśās count from them.

6The divisional charts

A varga divides each sign into equal parts and maps each part to a sign, producing a separate chart for one area of life.

7Aspects, dignity and strength

A graha’s ability to give results depends on its dignity, its relations with other grahas, the aspects on it and its measured strength.

8The daśās: timing

The daśās divide a life into periods, each ruled by a graha, and are used to time the results promised in the chart.

9Yogas: named combinations

A yoga is a combination of grahas, signs or houses that is named in the texts and assigned a result.

10Transits and sāḍe sātī

Gochara compares the present positions of the grahas with the birth chart, counting from the natal Moon.

11Ṣaḍbala and aṣṭakavarga

The board measures each graha by six strengths and each sign by its bindus.

12The pañcāṅga: the five limbs of the day

The almanac describes each day by the tithi, vāra, nakṣatra, yoga and karaṇa. Each limb has its own reckoning and its own uses. Sunrise names the day.

13Reading by nakṣatras

A chart can be read through the stars its grahas occupy. That reading stands beside the house reading.

14Jaimini: kārakas, padas and argalā

The Jaimini method is a second way to read a chart. It works with signs rather than grahas. The Jaimini sūtras and several chapters of Parāśara teach it.

15Upagrahas and special lagnas

These points in the chart are not bodies in the sky. They are reckoned from the Sun, the parts of the day and the moment of birth.

16Transit checks and the Sudarśana cakra

The texts add these refinements to the table of good and bad houses from the Moon.

17Matching two charts

The muhūrta texts compare two charts before a marriage by the Moon of each.

18A woman’s chart

Bṛhat Jātaka 24 gives the rules for a woman’s chart. Most of the reading is the same as for any chart.

19The annual chart: varṣaphala

The Tājika texts read one year of life from a chart cast when the Sun returns to its place at birth.

20Questions: praśna

The texts read a chart cast for the moment of a question for that question alone.

21Krishnamurti Paddhati (KP)

KP is a 20th-century method that the board offers beside the classical reading. It uses Placidus houses, the sub lord of each cusp, and four levels of significators.

22Pañca pakṣi: the five birds

The Tamil texts judge whether a watch of the day or night favours a matter by five birds and their five activities. The source is Agastya’s Pañcapakṣi Śāstram.

23The conception chart (ādhāna lagna)

The texts reckon the moment of conception back from a birth. They also state rules that link the conception chart and the birth chart.

24How to read a chart

The texts describe a set order for reading a chart. It moves from the whole to the parts, then from the promise to its timing.

Glossary of terms →

Names in Tamil, Sanskrit and English →